This study proposes a methodology that produces information from a web traffic service to map traffic congestion within an urban area. Although, different definitions and metrics have been used, congestion measurements are found aggregated at a city level or for particular road segments. For these reasons, transport and city planning agencies have developed interests in defining and measuring transportation congestion. Congestion, a negative externality of mobility, is responsible for urban pollution, inefficiency and has adverse effects over individuals facing this problem. Sustainable transport systems are a necessary requirement to achieve efficient economic performance, enhance urban quality of life and diminish environmental costs. In clear and realistic terms, Downs seeks to explore why traffic congestion has become part of modern American life and how it can be kept under control. St ill Stuck in Traffic contains new material on the causes of congestion, its dynamics, and its relative incidence in various parts of the country. Indeed, the most powerful solutions, including higher gasoline taxes, increased public funding for transit, and highway tolls, are also the least palatable politically. He argues that while there might be some measurable gains from increasing housing densities, most other land-use strategies have little effect. Drawing on a significant body of research by transportation experts and land-use planners, he counters environmentalists and road lobbyists alike by explaining why seemingly simple solutions, such as expanding public transit or expanding roads, have unintended consequences that cancel out their apparent advantages. In this revised and expanded edition of his landmark work Stuck in Traffic, Anthony Downs examines the benefits and costs of various anticongestion strategies. Most Americans agree that traffic congestion is the major problem in their communities-and it only seems to be getting worse. Congested roads waste commuters' time, cost them money, and degrade the environment.
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